Ngomhla wama-26 kuJulayi, uRhulumente woMbuso waseJamani wamkela inguqulelo entsha yeSicwangciso seSizwe saMandla eHydrogen, enethemba lokukhawulezisa uphuhliso loqoqosho lwehydrogen lwaseJamani ukuze luyincede ifezekise injongo yayo yokungathathi cala kwemozulu ka-2045.
IJamani ifuna ukwandisa ukuthembela kwayo kwi-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla kwixesha elizayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ungcoliseko oluphezulu oluvela kumacandelo emizi-mveliso engcolisa kakhulu njengentsimbi kunye neekhemikhali, kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwi-fossil fuels ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, ngoJuni ka-2020, iJamani yakhupha icebo layo lesizwe lamandla e-hydrogen okokuqala.
Ithagethi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza iphindwe kabini
Inguqulelo entsha yokukhutshwa kwesicwangciso-qhinga luhlaziyo olongezelelekileyo lwesicwangciso sokuqala, ikakhulu kubandakanya uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo loqoqosho lwe-hydrogen, onke amacandelo aya kuba nokufikelela okulinganayo kwimarike ye-hydrogen, yonke i-hydrogen enobuhlobo notshintsho lwemozulu iyathathelwa ingqalelo, ukwandiswa okukhawulezileyo kweziseko zophuhliso ze-hydrogen, intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Uphuhliso olongezelelekileyo, njl.njl., ukuphuhlisa isakhelo sesenzo sokuveliswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, uthutho, usetyenziso kunye neemarike.
I-hydrogen eluhlaza, eveliswa ngemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya, yintsika yezicwangciso zaseJamani zokuzikhupha kwi-fossil fuels kwixesha elizayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nenjongo eyayicetywayo kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, urhulumente waseJamani uphindaphinde kabini umgomo wokuvelisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza kwisicwangciso esitsha. Esi sicwangciso sikhankanya ukuba ngo-2030, amandla okuvelisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza eJamani aya kufikelela kwi-10GW aze enze ilizwe libe "liziko lamandla e-hydrogen". Umboneleli okhokelayo wetekhnoloji.
Ngokwezibikezelo, ngo-2030, imfuno yehydrogen yaseJamani iya kuba phezulu ukuya kwi-130 TWh. Le mfuno ingafikelela nakwi-600 TWh ngo-2045 ukuba iJamani ifuna ukuba ngathathi cala kwimozulu.
Ngoko ke, nokuba umgomo womthamo we-electrolysis wamanzi wasekhaya unyuswe uye kwi-10GW ngo-2030, i-50% ukuya kwi-70% yemfuno ye-hydrogen yaseJamani isaza kuhlangatyezwa ngokungenisa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye eli nani liya kuqhubeka linyuka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente waseJamani uthi usebenza kwisicwangciso esahlukileyo sokungenisa i-hydrogen. Ukongeza, kucetywayo ukwakha uthungelwano lwemibhobho yamandla e-hydrogen olumalunga neekhilomitha ezili-1,800 eJamani ukususela ngo-2027 ukuya ku-2028 ngokwakhiwa okanye ukuhlaziywa okutsha.
“Ukutyala imali kwi-hydrogen kukutyala imali kwikamva lethu, ekukhuseleni imozulu, kumsebenzi wobugcisa nasekukhuselekeni kobonelelo lwamandla,” utshilo uSekela-Ngqonyela waseJamani kunye noMphathiswa wezoQoqosho uHabeck.
Qhubeka uxhasa i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Phantsi kwesicwangciso esihlaziyiweyo, urhulumente waseJamani ufuna ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwemarike ye-hydrogen kwaye "aphakamise kakhulu umgangatho wekhonkco lexabiso lonke". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkxaso-mali karhulumente inqunyelwe kwi-hydrogen eluhlaza, kwaye injongo iseku "kukufezekisa unikezelo oluthembekileyo lwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, oluhlala ixesha elide eJamani".
Ukongeza kumanyathelo okukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwemarike kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo (ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa kwe-hydrogen eyaneleyo ngo-2030, ukwakha iziseko ze-hydrogen eziqinileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, ukudala iimeko ezisebenzayo zesakhelo), izigqibo ezintsha ezifanelekileyo zikwachaphazela inkxaso karhulumente kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hydrogen.
Nangona inkxaso-mali ethe ngqo yamandla e-hydrogen ecetywayo kwisicwangciso esitsha ilinganiselwe ekuvelisweni kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen eveliswa ngamafutha efosili (okubizwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen eluhlaza), apho ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide kubanjwa kwaye kugcinwe, kunokufumana inkxaso karhulumente.
Njengoko icebo lisitsho, i-hydrogen enemibala eyahlukeneyo nayo kufuneka isetyenziswe de kubekho i-hydrogen eluhlaza eyaneleyo. Kwimeko yengxabano phakathi kweRashiya ne-Ukraine kunye nengxaki yamandla, injongo yokhuseleko lobonelelo lwezixhobo iye yaba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi.
I-hydrogen eveliswa ngombane ohlaziyekayo ibonwa njengeyeza kumacandelo afana nemizi-mveliso enzima kunye neenqwelo-moya ezineemveliso ezikhutshwayo ezingapheliyo ekulweni notshintsho lwemozulu. Ikwabonwa njengendlela yokuqinisa inkqubo yombane ngezityalo ze-hydrogen njengenkxaso ngexesha lokuveliswa okuncinci okuvuselelayo.
Ukongeza kwimpikiswano malunga nokuba kuxhaswe na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso ye-hydrogen, intsimi yokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen nayo iye yaba yingqwalasela yengxoxo. Icebo le-hydrogen elihlaziyiweyo lithi ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa akufuneki kuthintelwe.
Nangona kunjalo, inkxaso-mali yesizwe kufuneka igxile kwiindawo apho ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen "kufuneka ngokupheleleyo okanye akukho ndlela yimbi". Isicwangciso samandla e-hydrogen sesizwe saseJamani siqwalasela ithuba lokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza. Ingqwalasela ikukudibanisa amacandelo kunye notshintsho lwemizi-mveliso, kodwa urhulumente waseJamani ukwaxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen kwicandelo lezothutho kwixesha elizayo. I-hydrogen eluhlaza inamandla amakhulu kushishino, kwamanye amacandelo anzima ukususa i-carbon efana neenqwelo moya kunye nezothutho lwaselwandle, kwaye njengesixhobo sokuxhasa iinkqubo zeekhemikhali.
Esi sicwangciso sithi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokukhawulezisa ukwandiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iinjongo zemozulu zaseJamani. Kwakhona sigxininise ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kombane ovuselelekayo kungcono kwiimeko ezininzi, njengakwizithuthi zombane okanye iipompo zobushushu, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwayo okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa i-hydrogen.
Kwizithuthi zendlela, i-hydrogen ingasetyenziswa kuphela kwizithuthi zorhwebo ezinzima, ngelixa ekufudumaleni iya kusetyenziswa “kwiimeko ezithile,” utshilo urhulumente waseJamani.
Olu phuculo lwesicwangciso lubonisa ukuzimisela kunye nomnqweno weJamani wokuphuhlisa amandla e-hydrogen. Esi sicwangciso sichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ngo-2030, iJamani iya kuba “ngumthengisi omkhulu wetekhnoloji ye-hydrogen” kwaye imisele isakhelo sophuhliso lweshishini lamandla e-hydrogen kumanqanaba aseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe, njengeenkqubo zeLayisensi, imigangatho edibeneyo kunye neenkqubo zesatifikethi, njl.
Iingcali zamandla zaseJamani zithe amandla e-hydrogen aseyinxalenye elahlekileyo yotshintsho lwamandla lwangoku. Akunakungahoywa ukuba anika ithuba lokudibanisa ukhuseleko lwamandla, ukungathathi cala kwemozulu kunye nokukhuphisana okuphuculweyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-08-2023
