Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yezithuthi zombane, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kuba nefuthe elithile kwindalo esingqongileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukuze kuhlalutywe ngokupheleleyo impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo, iipakethi zebhetri ze-lithium-ion, eziquka izixhobo ezili-11 ezahlukeneyo, zikhethwe njengezinto eziza kufundwa. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi kunye nendlela yobunzima be-entropy ukuze kulinganiswe umthwalo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwenziwa inkqubo yovavanyo lwe-index yamanqanaba amaninzi esekelwe kwiimpawu zebhetri yendalo esingqongileyo.
Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lezothutho1 ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nolwentlalo. Kwangaxeshanye, lukwasebenzisa inani elikhulu lamafutha efosili, nto leyo ebangela ungcoliseko olukhulu kokusingqongileyo. Ngokutsho kwe-IEA (2019), malunga nesithathu se-CO2 emissions yehlabathi ivela kwicandelo lezothutho. Ukuze kuncitshiswe imfuno enkulu yamandla kunye nomthwalo wokusingqongileyo kwishishini lezothutho lwehlabathi, ukufakwa kombane kwishishini lezothutho kuthathwa njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zokunciphisa ungcoliseko. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso lwezithuthi ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nezizinzileyo, ingakumbi izithuthi zombane (ii-EV), luye lwaba lukhetho oluthembisayo kwishishini leemoto.
Ukususela kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-12 (2010-2015), urhulumente waseTshayina ugqibe ekubeni akhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane ukuze uhambo lucoceke. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki enkulu yezoqoqosho inyanzele amazwe ukuba ajongane neengxaki ezifana nengxaki yamandla, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ephezulu, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emali, njl.njl., ezichaphazele indlela yokucinga yoluntu, amandla abathengi babantu kunye nokwenza izigqibo zikarhulumente. Ngoko ke, ukwamkelwa nokwamkelwa okuphantsi kwezithuthi zombane kuthintela ukwamkelwa kwangoko kwezithuthi zombane kwimarike.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi ezisebenzisa ipetroli kuqhubekile nokuhla, kwaye ukukhula kwenani labanini kuye kwehla. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwazi ngokusingqongileyo, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zepetroli eziqhelekileyo kutshintshile ngokuchaseneyo nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane, kwaye izinga lokungena kwezithuthi zombane liyanda ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion (LIB) zezona zikhetho zibalaseleyo kwicandelo lezithuthi zombane ngenxa yobunzima bazo obulula, ukusebenza kakuhle, uxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nokukhupha amandla aphezulu. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, njengetekhnoloji ephambili yeenkqubo zokugcina iibhetri, nazo zinamandla amakhulu ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso lwamandla oluzinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa okukhulu kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Kwinkqubo yokukhuthazwa, izithuthi zombane ngamanye amaxesha zijongwa njengezithuthi ezingenayo i-emission, kodwa ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zazo kunempembelelo enkulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, uphando lwakutshanje lugxile kakhulu kwiingenelo zendalo ezikwizithuthi zombane. Kukho uphando oluninzi kwizigaba ezintathu zokuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahla izithuthi zombane, kuthathwe ezintathu zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) kunye ne-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) kwimarike yezithuthi zombane zaseTshayina njengesifundo sophando kwaye kwenziwe uhlalutyo olukhethekileyo lwezi bhetri zintathu ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi (LCA) lwezigaba zokuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri zokudonsa. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate isebenza ngcono kwindalo esingqongileyo kunebhetri ye-triple kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwisigaba sokusetyenziswa akulunganga njengebhetri ye-triple, kwaye inexabiso elingaphezulu lokuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-10-2023
