Yintoni enokwenzeka kwimakethi yePV yaseNigeria?
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba iNigeria ngoku isebenza kuphela i-4GW yomthamo ofakiweyo ovela kumaziko okuvelisa amandla efosili kunye nezibonelelo zombane wamanzi.Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukunika amandla ngokupheleleyo abantu balo abazizigidi ezingama-200, ilizwe kufuneka lifake malunga ne-30GW yomthamo wokuvelisa.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-International Energy Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), ekupheleni kwe-2021, umthamo ofakiweyo weenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezixhunywe kwigridi eNigeria ziya kuba yi-33MW kuphela.Ngelixa i-photovoltaic irradiance yelizwe isuka kwi-1.5MWh/m² ukuya kwi-2.2MWh/m², kutheni iNigeria ityebile kwimithombo yokuvelisa amandla ephotovoltaic kodwa isanyanzelwa yintlupheko yamandla?I-International Energy Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) iqikelela ukuba nge-2050, izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo zinokuhlangabezana ne-60% yeemfuno zamandla zaseNigeria.
Ngoku, i-70% yombane waseNigeria ibonelelwa ngamaziko ombane efosili, uninzi lwawo luvela kwizibonelelo zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi.Iinkampani ezintlanu eziphambili ezivelisa umbane zilawula ilizwe, kunye neNkampani yoThutho yaseNigeria, inkampani yodwa yothumelo, enoxanduva lophuhliso, ukugcinwa kunye nokwandiswa kothungelwano losasazo lwelizwe.
Inkampani yokusasaza umbane yelizwe iye yabucala ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umbane oveliswa ziijenereyitha uthengiselwa iNigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET), ekuphela komrhwebi wombane welizwe.Iinkampani zokusasaza umbane zithenga umbane kwiijenereyitha ngokusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla (PPAs) kwaye ziwuthengisele abathengi ngokubanika izivumelwano.Esi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani ezivelisa umbane zifumana ixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo lombane kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwenzekani.Kodwa kukho imiba ebalulekileyo kule nto ethe yachaphazela ukwamkelwa kweefotovoltaics njengenxalenye yomxube wamandla waseNigeria.
iinkxalabo ngenzuzo
INigeria yaqala ukuxoxa ngezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo axhunyiwe kwigridi malunga ne-2005, xa ilizwe lazisa inyathelo elithi "Vision 30:30:30".Esi sicwangciso sijolise ekufezekiseni injongo yokufakela i-32GW yamaziko okuvelisa amandla ngo-2030, i-9GW apho iza kuvela kumaziko okuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo, kubandakanywa ne-5GW yeenkqubo ze-photovoltaic.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, abavelisi bamandla abazimeleyo be-14 photovoltaic baye batyikitya izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla kunye neNigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET).Urhulumente waseNigeria uye wazisa i-fid-in tariff (FIT) ukwenza i-photovoltaics ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kubatyalo-mali.Okubangela umdla kukuba, akukho nanye kwezi projekthi zokuqala zePV eyafumana inkxaso-mali ngenxa yokungaqiniseki komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokungabikho kweziseko zoncedo lwegridi.
Umba ophambili kukuba urhulumente uguqule iirhafu ezazisekwe ngaphambili ukunciphisa amaxabiso e-feed-in, echaza iindleko zemodyuli ye-PV ehlayo njengesizathu.Kwi-14 ye-PV IPPs kweli lizwe, babini kuphela abavuma ukucuthwa kwentlawulo yokutya, ngelixa abanye bathi intlawulo yokutya iphantsi kakhulu ukuba ingayamkela.
I-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) iphinda ifune isiqinisekiso somngcipheko, isivumelwano phakathi kwenkampani njenge-offtaker kunye neziko lezemali.Ngokusisiseko, sisiqinisekiso sokubonelela ngemali ethe kratya kwiNkampani yokuRhweba ngoMbane obuninzi baseNigeria (NBET) ukuba ifuna imali, ekufuneka urhulumente ayinike amaqumrhu emali.Ngaphandle kwesi siqinisekiso, ii-PV IPPs aziyi kukwazi ukufezekisa ukulungiswa kwemali.Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku urhulumente uyekile ukubonelela ngeziqinisekiso, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokungathembeki kwimarike yombane, kwaye amanye amaziko emali ngoku arhoxise izibonelelo zokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso.
Ekugqibeleni, ukungathembeki kwababolekisi kwimarike yombane yaseNigeria kukwavela kwiingxaki ezisisiseko kwigridi, ngakumbi malunga nokuthembeka kunye nokuguquguquka.Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwababolekisi kunye nabaphuhlisi befuna iziqinisekiso zokukhusela utyalo-mali lwabo, kwaye uninzi lweziseko zegridi zaseNigeria azisebenzi ngokuthembekileyo.
Iipolisi ezikhethiweyo zorhulumente waseNigeria kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo isisiseko sempumelelo yophuhliso lwamandla acocekileyo.Esinye isicwangciso esinokuthi siqwalaselwe kukukhulula imarike yokuthatha ngokuvumela iinkampani ukuba zithenge umbane ngokuthe ngqo kubaboneleli bombane.Oku kakhulu kususa imfuno yolawulo lwamaxabiso, kuvumela abo bangakukhathaziyo ukuhlawula iprimiyamu yozinzo kunye nokuba bhetyebhetye ukwenza oko.Oku ke kususa uninzi lweziqinisekiso ezintsonkothileyo ezifunwa ngababolekisi ngemali ukuxhasa iiprojekthi kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho.
Ukongezelela, ukuphuculwa kweziseko zegridi kunye nokwandisa umthamo wothumelo kubalulekile, ukwenzela ukuba iinkqubo ezininzi ze-PV zinokuqhagamshelwa kwigridi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwamandla.Apha, kwakhona, iibhanki zophuhliso lwamazwe amaninzi zinendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ziyidlalile.Amaziko ombane enziwe ngefosili aphuhliswe ngempumelelo kwaye aqhubeleka nokusebenza ngenxa yeziqinisekiso zomngcipheko ezibonelelwa ziibhanki zophuhliso lwamazwe amaninzi.Ukuba ezi zinokwandiswa kwimarike yePV esakhulayo eNigeria, iya kwandisa uphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kweenkqubo zePV.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-18-2023
