Lingakanani ithuba elinokubakho kwimarike ye-PV yaseNigeria?
Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba iNigeria okwangoku isebenzisa kuphela i-4GW yomthamo ofakiweyo kwizibonelelo zokuvelisa umbane wefosili kunye nezibonelelo zombane wamanzi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuze kunikwe amandla ngokupheleleyo abantu bayo abazizigidi ezingama-200, ilizwe kufuneka lifake malunga ne-30GW yomthamo wokuvelisa umbane.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), ekupheleni kuka-2021, amandla afakiweyo eenkqubo ze-photovoltaic eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi eNigeria aya kuba yi-33MW kuphela. Ngelixa ukukhanya kwe-photovoltaic kweli lizwe kususela kwi-1.5MWh/m² ukuya kwi-2.2MWh/m², kutheni iNigeria ityebile kwizixhobo zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic kodwa isathintelwe bubuhlwempu bamandla? I-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) iqikelela ukuba ngo-2050, izibonelelo zokuvelisa umbane we-Renewable Energy zinokuhlangabezana ne-60% yeemfuno zamandla eNigeria.
Okwangoku, ama-70% ombane waseNigeria anikezelwa zizikhululo zamandla ezisebenzisa amafutha efosili, uninzi lwazo luvela kwizibonelelo zombane ophuma emanzini. Iinkampani ezintlanu ezinkulu ezivelisa umbane zilawula ilizwe, apho iNigeria Transmission Company, inkampani yodwa yothumelo, inoxanduva lophuhliso, ukugcinwa kunye nokwandiswa kwenethiwekhi yothumelo lwelizwe.
Inkampani yokuhambisa umbane yelizwe ithengiswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umbane oveliswa ziijenereyitha uthengiswa kwiNigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET), ekuphela kwayo ethengisa umbane omninzi kweli lizwe. Iinkampani zokuhambisa umbane zithenga umbane kwiijenereyitha ngokusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga umbane (PPAs) kwaye ziwuthengisele abathengi ngokunikezela ngeekhontrakthi. Olu lwakhiwo luqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani ezivelisa umbane zifumana ixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo lombane nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na. Kodwa kukho imiba esisiseko ngale nto ekwachaphazele nokwamkelwa kwe-photovoltaics njengenxalenye yomxube wamandla waseNigeria.
iinkxalabo zenzuzo
INigeria yaqala ukuxoxa ngezibonelelo zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi malunga nowama-2005, xa ilizwe lazisa iphulo elithi “Vision 30:30:30”. Esi sicwangciso sijolise ekufezekiseni injongo yokufaka izibonelelo zokuvelisa amandla ezingama-32GW ngo-2030, apho i-9GW yazo iza kuvela kwizibonelelo zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo, kuquka ne-5GW yeenkqubo ze-photovoltaic.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, abavelisi bamandla abazimeleyo abali-14 be-photovoltaic ekugqibeleni batyikitye izivumelwano zokuthenga umbane neNigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET). Urhulumente waseNigeria ukususela ngoko uye wazisa i-feed-in tariff (FIT) ukuze enze i-photovoltaics ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kubatyali-mali. Okubangela umdla kukuba, akukho nanye kwezi projekthi zokuqala ze-PV eyaxhaswa ngemali ngenxa yokungaqiniseki komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokungabikho kweziseko zegridi.
Ingxaki ephambili kukuba urhulumente utshintshe iirhafu ezazimiselwe ngaphambili ukuze anciphise iirhafu zokufunxa ukutya, ecaphula ukuhla kweendleko zemodyuli ye-PV njengesizathu. Kwi-14 PV IPPs kweli lizwe, zimbini kuphela ezamkele ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu yokufunxa ukutya, ngelixa ezinye zithe irhafu yokufunxa ukutya yayiphantsi kakhulu ukuba ingamkeleki.
I-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) ikwafuna isiqinisekiso somngcipheko ongaphelelanga, isivumelwano phakathi kwenkampani njengomniki-mali kunye neziko lezemali. Ngokuyintloko, sisiqinisekiso sokubonelela ngexabiso elingaphezulu kwi-Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) ukuba ifuna imali, ekufuneka urhulumente ayinike amaziko emali. Ngaphandle kwesi siqinisekiso, ii-PV IPPs aziyi kukwazi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano semali. Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku urhulumente uye wazibamba ekunikezeni iziqinisekiso, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokungathembi imakethi yombane, kwaye amanye amaziko emali ngoku arhoxisile izibonelelo zokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso.
Ekugqibeleni, ukungathembi kwababolekisi kwimarike yombane yaseNigeria kubangelwa ziingxaki ezisisiseko ngegridi, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele ekuthembekeni nasekuguquguqukeni. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwababolekisi kunye nabaphuhlisi befuna iziqinisekiso zokukhusela utyalo-mali lwabo, kwaye uninzi lweziseko zegridi yaseNigeria azisebenzi ngokuthembekileyo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhetha karhulumente waseNigeria kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic kunye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo sisiseko sempumelelo yophuhliso lwamandla acocekileyo. Elinye icebo elinokuqwalaselwa kukuvula imarike yokuthathwa kombane ngokuvumela iinkampani ukuba zithenge umbane ngqo kubaboneleli bombane. Oku kususa kakhulu imfuneko yokulawulwa kwamaxabiso, okuvumela abo bangakhathaliyo ngokuhlawula iprimiyamu yozinzo kunye nokuguquguquka ukwenza njalo. Oku kususa uninzi lweziqinisekiso ezintsonkothileyo ezifunekayo kubabolekisi ukuxhasa iiprojekthi kwaye kuphucule ukuguquguquka kwemali.
Ukongeza, ukuphucula iziseko zophuhliso lwegridi kunye nokwandisa amandla okuhambisa umbane kubalulekile, ukuze iinkqubo ze-PV ezingaphezulu ziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwamandla. Nalapha, iibhanki zophuhliso ezinamacala amaninzi zinendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ziyidlale. Izityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amafutha ezinto zakudala ziye zaphuhliswa ngempumelelo kwaye zaqhubeka nokusebenza ngenxa yeziqinisekiso zomngcipheko ezibonelelwa ziibhanki zophuhliso ezinamacala amaninzi. Ukuba ezi zinokwandiswa ziye kwimarike ye-PV esakhulayo eNigeria, kuya kwandisa uphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kweenkqubo ze-PV.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-18-2023
